DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/levv16n52-072Keywords:
Supplementation, Complications, Vitamin B12Abstract
Objective: This systematic review aims to gather and critically examine the available scientific evidence regarding the identification and therapeutic approach to anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency in pediatric patients. The study seeks to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis, identify gaps in the literature, and contribute to the direction of future research and clinical practices. Methodology: The development of the guiding question was guided by the PVO (Population, Variable, Objective) strategy. Searches were conducted in the PubMed Central (PMC) database using five descriptors combined by the Boolean operator "AND": Vitamin B12 Deficiency, Child Growth, Child Development Disorders, Malnutrition, and Pediatrics. A total of 150 articles were initially identified; After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23 studies were selected, of which 13 comprised the final sample for analysis. Results: Vitamin B12 is essential for biochemical processes such as DNA replication, methylation reactions, and neurotransmitter synthesis, playing a fundamental role in neurological and hematopoietic maturation. Its deficiency can result in serious clinical manifestations, such as megaloblastic anemia and irreversible neurological impairment, especially in children and pregnant women. Laboratory evaluation should include serum cobalamin levels, as well as metabolic markers such as methylmalonic acid and homocysteine. Clinical trials demonstrate that vitamin B12 supplementation significantly improves motor development in children with suboptimal levels. Conclusion: Early detection and prompt treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency are crucial to prevent adverse clinical outcomes. Adequate supplementation should be prioritized for at-risk groups, such as pregnant women, infants, and individuals following diets restricting animal products. The relationship between maternal vitamin B12 levels and neonatal outcomes still requires further investigation. Vitamin B12 deficiency is a significant public health problem, requiring continued attention and scientific efforts to improve diagnostic and therapeutic methods.
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References
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