COMPARISON OF TWO GROUPS OF PATIENTS WHO USED OR NOT TRANEXAMIC ACID IN THE POST-OPERATIVE PERIOD OF TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY ON THE LEVELS OF HEMATOCRIT AND HEMOGLOBIN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/levv16n52-070Keywords:
Knee Arthroplasty, Tranexamic Acid, PostoperativeAbstract
Introduction: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a widely used surgical intervention for the treatment of degenerative diseases, such as osteoarthritis, which compromise patients' functionality and quality of life. However, the procedure is associated with significant blood loss, increasing the need for transfusions and the risk of complications. In this context, tranexamic acid (TXA), an antifibrinolytic agent, has been investigated as an adjunctive strategy for controlling perioperative bleeding, with the potential to reduce blood loss and optimize patient recovery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of tranexamic acid use on hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in patients undergoing TKA, comparing two distinct groups: those who received the drug perioperatively and those who did not. Methodology: This is a retrospective, observational study conducted through the analysis of electronic medical records of 262 patients undergoing TKA at the Regional Hospital of Presidente Prudente - SP, from January 2021 to December 2023. Adult patients undergoing primary unilateral TKA were included and divided into two groups (Group A: with TXA; Group B: without TXA). Statistical analyses were conducted using Student's t-test, considering p<0.05. Results: showed homogeneity between the groups in the preoperative period, with similar hemoglobin and hematocrit values. However, postoperatively, Group A showed smaller mean reductions in these parameters (Hb: 12.31 ± 1.19 g/dL; Ht: 36.07 ± 4.11%) compared to Group B (Hb: 11.24 ± 1.31 g/dL; Ht: 33.71 ± 4.17%), suggesting a favorable effect of tranexamic acid, although without statistical significance in all variables. Conclusion: The use of tranexamic acid demonstrated a positive trend in preserving hematocrits, reducing perioperative blood loss and potentially minimizing the need for transfusions. These findings reinforce the clinical relevance of the drug and indicate the need for future studies with a larger number of patients to consolidate its efficacy and safety.
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