RETINAL DETACHMENT: ADVANCES IN DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT

Abstract

Retinal detachment (RD) is a serious, sight-threatening ophthalmological condition. This narrative literature review aims to summarize recent advances in the diagnosis and therapeutic management of RD. The methodology involved a PubMed database search using descriptors such as "Retinal Detachment," "Diagnosis," and "Treatment." The results indicate that early diagnosis is critical for therapeutic success, although significant delays persist, especially in the pediatric population without preexisting ocular conditions. Well-established risk factors include trauma, myopia, pseudophakia, and genetic conditions such as Stickler Syndrome. Therapeutic management has evolved toward an individualized approach, with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) being the mainstay for complex cases, such as giant tears and RD associated with syndromes. Less invasive techniques, such as laser treatment combined with minimization of eye movement, have proven effective for selected cases of peripheral detachments. The treatment of specific forms, such as refractory inflammatory exudative retinal detachment, and postoperative complications, such as macular folds, also requires specific surgical strategies. In conclusion, although anatomical success rates are high, functional outcomes depend on the speed of diagnosis and the complexity of the case, reinforcing the need for improved screening protocols and careful selection of therapeutic approaches.