CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN AML PATIENTS TREATED WITH CHEMOTHERAPY, BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT, AND NEW THERAPIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/levv16n52-036Keywords:
Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Chemotherapy, Bone Marrow Transplantation, New Therapies, Clinical Outcomes, PrognosisAbstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of immature myeloid cells in the bone marrow, leading to hematopoietic failure and high rates of morbidity and mortality. The management of AML has evolved significantly, incorporating classic approaches, such as intensive chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), as well as new targeted therapies and immunotherapies. However, the clinical outcomes of these treatments vary according to individual prognostic factors, including age, genetic mutations, and initial response to treatment. The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical outcomes of AML patients treated with chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, and new therapies, evaluating the efficacy of these approaches on patient prognosis and survival. Specifically, we compared remission, survival, and relapse rates between the different treatments, in addition to investigating prognostic factors that influence therapeutic response. To this end, a literature review was conducted using the SciELO, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases, including articles published between 2017 and 2025. Original studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses that presented quantitative data on clinical outcomes of treatments were selected. Studies without statistical basis, case reports, and unavailable articles were excluded from the analysis. The data were organized and analyzed comparatively to identify patterns in clinical outcomes. The results indicated that intensive chemotherapy remains the standard initial approach, providing complete remission in 60–80% of young patients, but with high relapse rates. Bone marrow transplantation was associated with improved overall survival rates, reaching 59% at two years, and is considered the only potentially curative approach for high-risk patients. However, its applicability is limited by serious complications, such as toxicity and graft-versus-host disease. New therapies, including FLT3 and IDH1/IDH2 inhibitors, and immunotherapies, have been shown to increase median survival from 7 to 11 months, representing a promising alternative for transplant-ineligible patients. It is concluded that, despite therapeutic advances, AML still presents significant clinical challenges, requiring a personalized approach based on individual prognostic factors. Bone marrow transplantation remains the most effective strategy for high-risk patients, while new therapies are emerging as viable alternatives for specific groups. Optimizing therapeutic strategies and improving prognostic stratification are essential to improve patient survival and quality of life.
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