SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS AND THEIR ORAL MANIFESTATIONS: AN ODONTOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/levv16n52-024Keywords:
Oral Manifestations, Sexually Transmitted Infections, DentistryAbstract
Objective: This study aimed to analyze the oral manifestations of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), highlighting the role of dentists in early diagnosis, clinical management, and prevention strategies, as well as their contribution to public health promotion. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review conducted according to the PRISMA protocol and structured using the PICOS strategy. Studies published between 2020 and 2025 in Portuguese, English, and Spanish that addressed oral manifestations of STIs and the role of dentistry were included. Searches were carried out in the PubMed, Scielo, and EBSCO databases, complemented by manual searches in reference lists. Exclusion criteria comprised studies with a strictly medical focus, editorials, unsystematized narrative reviews, and duplicate articles. The selection process followed four stages: identification, screening, eligibility, and final inclusion of articles. Results: A total of 71 publications were initially identified, of which 17 were included for analysis. Findings revealed that HIV/AIDS and syphilis were the most studied STIs in the dental context, with oral manifestations such as candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, gingivitis, ulcers, and syphilitic lesions. These alterations were relevant not only as clinical signs of infection but also as markers of disease progression and therapeutic response, particularly in immunosuppressed contexts. The review also highlighted the need for standardized oral assessment protocols, greater interdisciplinary integration, and the inclusion of STI-related content in dental curricula. Conclusion: Oral manifestations represent essential diagnostic and monitoring tools for STIs, reinforcing the importance of dentistry in prevention and health promotion strategies. By acting in an integrated and evidence-based manner, dentists contribute to reducing the spread of these diseases and improving patients’ quality of life, emphasizing the need for continuous training and expanded dental care in public health.
Downloads
References
AHMED, M. M. Dentists and dental hygienists' comprehension of HIV infection associated periodontal implications and management. Front Public Health, v. 38, n. 370, p. 1-9, 2024. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1370112. Acesso em: 01 de ago. 2025.
ALMUZAINI, A. A.; ALOMAR, D. H.; BASTAKI, J. M. Oral lesions as the presenting manifestation of syphilis: A case series of an alarming trend in Kuwait. IDCases, v. 5, n. 41, p. 1-4, 2025. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2025.e02338. Acesso em: 11 ago. 2025.
AMATO, M.; et al. Oral and periodontal manifestation related during human papilloma virus infections: update on early prognostic factors. Heliyon, v. 10, n. 10, p. 1-12, 2024. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31061. Acesso em: 02 mar. 2025.
AYYAGARI, K. R.; et al. Oral manifestations of HIV in accordance with CD4 count" - A cross-sectional study. Indian J Dent Res, v. 33, n. 4, p. 408-412, 2022. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_627_22. Acesso em: 31 jul. 2025.
CANNOVO, N.; et al. Sexually Transmitted Infections in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Cross Section of Public Health. Int J Environ Res Public Health, v. 21, n. 4, p. 1-22, 2024. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21040501. Acesso em: 02 mar. 2025.
HAMMOUTI, J.; et al. Role of the Pedodentist in the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection in children. Tunis Med, v. 100, n. 1, p. 9-12, 2022. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35822326/. Acesso em: 31 jul. 2025.
LOMELÍ-MARTÍNEZ, S. M.; et al. Oral Manifestations Associated with HIV/AIDS Patients. Medicina (Kaunas), v. 58, n. 9, p. 1209-1214, 2022. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58091214. Acesso em: 02 mar. 2025.
MALONEY, B.; HEALY, C.M. Oral syphilis - the great imitator: a series of six cases. Br Dent J., v. 237, n. 7, p. 543-549, 2024. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-024-7891-9. Acesso em: 11 ago. 2025.
MULDER, R.; MOHAMED, N.; MATHIBA, O. Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children attending the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Clinic in Cape Town. Clin Exp Dent Res, v. 8, n. 1, p. 160-168, 2022. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.484. Acesso em: 31 jul. 2025.
SEMINARIO, A. L.; et al. Caregivers' report of HIV-associated oral manifestations among HIV-unexposed, exposed, and infected Kenyan children. Int J Paediatr Dent, v. 31, n. 6, p. 708-715, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.12771. Acesso em: 28 jul. 2025.
SHAGHAGHIAN, S.; SARANJAM, E.; HOMAYOONI, M. Oral health-related quality of life in patients infected with HIV, Iran: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health, v. 21, n. 1, p. 1-8, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01660-7. Acesso em: 31 jul. 2025.
SILVA-BOGHOSSIAN, C. M; et al. Evaluation of oral care protocols practice by dentists in Rio de Janeiro towards HIV/AIDS individuals. BMC Oral Health, v. 20, n. 1, p. 1-13, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-020-0999-7. Acesso em: 31 jul. 2025.
SMITH, M. H.; et al. Oral Manifestations of Syphilis: A Review of the Clinical and Histopathologic Characteristics of a Reemerging Entity with Report of 19 New Cases. Head Neck Pathol, v. 15, n. 3, p. 787-795, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12105-020-01283-4. Acesso em: 02 mar. 2025.
SOOKAROMDEE, P.; YASRI, S.; WIWANITKIT, V. Gonococcal tonsillar infection in a female sex worker. Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS, v. 42, n. 2, p. 169-170, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.4103/ijstd.IJSTD_30_17. Acesso em: 26 jul. 2025.
STADEN, S. M. V.; et al. Oral Manifestations of Syphilis: Report of Four Cases. Pathogens, v. 11, n. 6, p. 1-17, 2022. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11060612. Acesso em: 12 ago. 2025.
SURDU, A. E.; et al. Oropharyngeal Manifestations in Patients with HIV from Northeastern Romania. Medicina (Kaunas), v. 61, n. 5, p. 1-15, 2025. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61050855. Acesso em: 01 ago. 2025.
ZANDONÁ, J.; et al. Isolated oral lesions as an uncommon manifestation of secondary syphilis: A clinical case. Rev Port Estomatol Med Dent Cir Maxilofac, v. 66, n. 1, p. 38-43, 2025. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.24873/j.rpemd.2025.03.1418. Acesso em: 12 ago. 2025.
YANG, Y. Immune indices and oral health in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. BMC Oral Health, v. 23, n. 1, p. 1-9, 2023. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-03752-y. Acesso em: 31 jul. 2025.
