INFECTIOUS ENDOCARDITIS: CHALLENGES AND ADVANCES IN DIAGNOSIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/levv16n51-076Keywords:
Infective Endocarditis, Molecular Diagnosis, Blood Cultures, PET/CTAbstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious and potentially fatal condition, whose early diagnosis remains challenging due to the diversity of clinical manifestations and the complexity of diagnostic methods. Despite advances in medicine, such as the updated clinical criteria (Duke-ISCVID), new imaging modalities (PET/CT, MDCTA), and molecular techniques (PCR, mNGS), definitive confirmation of IE still faces practical limitations. Blood cultures remain essential, with high diagnostic yield when performed appropriately. In cases with negative cultures, serological tests and molecular tests have gained relevance, although they lack widespread standardization. The management of cases related to injection drug use requires a multidisciplinary approach, including intervention for substance use disorder. The integration of accurate diagnosis, individualized treatment, and multidisciplinary follow-up is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality and improve patient prognosis.
Downloads
References
BURBAN, A.; SŁUPIK, D.; REDA, A.; SZCZERBA, E.; GRABOWSKI, M.; KOŁODZIŃSKA, A. Novel Diagnostic Methods for Infective Endocarditis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, [S.l.], v. 25, n. 2, 1245, 19 jan. 2024. DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25021245
DANNEELS, Pierre; et al. Impact of Enterococcus faecalis Endocarditis Treatment on Risk of Relapse. Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, v. 76, n. 2, p. 281–290, 13 jan. 2023.
KOUIJZER, J. J. P.; NOORDERMEER, D. J.; VAN LEEUWEN, W. J.; VERKAIK, N. J.; LATTWEIN, K. R. Native valve, prosthetic valve, and cardiac device-related infective endocarditis: A review and update on current innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, [S.l.], v. 10, 995508, 3 out. 2022. DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.995508. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.995508
MCHUGH, J.; ABU SALEH, O. Updates in Culture-Negative Endocarditis. Pathogens, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 8, p. 1027, 10 ago. 2023. DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081027. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12081027
MCDONALD, Emily G.; et al. Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Infective Endocarditis in Adults: A WikiGuidelines Group Consensus Statement. JAMA Network Open, v. 6, n. 7, p. e2326366, 3 jul. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.26366
MILLS, Mark T.; AL-MOHAMMAD, Abdallah; WARRINER, David R. Changes and advances in the field of infective endocarditis. British Journal of Hospital Medicine (London, England: 2005), v. 83, n. 3, p. 1–11, 2 mar. 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2021.0510
ØSTERGAARD, Lauge; et al. [Infective endocarditis]. Ugeskrift for Laeger, v. 184, n. 12, p. V10210751, 21 mar. 2022.
YUCEL, Evin; et al. Diagnosis and Management of Infective Endocarditis in People Who Inject Drugs: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, v. 79, n. 20, p. 2037–2057, 24 maio 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2022.03.349
