ANABOLIC HORMONAL THERAPIES IN THE TREATMENT OF SARCOPENIA IN OLDER ADULTS: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW OF CURRENT EVIDENCE

Abstract

Sarcopenia, defined as the progressive and generalized loss of muscle mass and strength, is highly prevalent among older adults and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, higher risk of falls, and loss of functional independence. This study aimed to review the scientific evidence on the use of anabolic hormonal therapies in the treatment of sarcopenia, with emphasis on their mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and potential risks. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, SciELO, and Web of Science, covering publications from recent decades on testosterone, growth hormone, selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs), and other anabolic agents. The analysis of available studies indicates that hormone replacement may promote gains in lean body mass, muscle strength, and physical performance, particularly when combined with nutritional interventions and resistance training programs. However, these benefits must be carefully weighed against potential adverse effects, including cardiovascular and metabolic alterations, as well as an increased risk of certain hormone-dependent neoplasms. In conclusion, anabolic hormonal therapies represent a promising adjuvant strategy for the management of sarcopenia, provided they are implemented within multimodal programs and accompanied by individualized clinical assessment and strict monitoring.