FROM TECHNOLOGICAL UTOPIA TO CHATGPT IN THE CLASSROOM: A THEORETICAL ESSAY ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Abstract

This theoretical essay critically examines the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Higher Education, focusing on the challenges and opportunities arising from the incorporation of emerging technologies, such as Generative AI and, in particular, ChatGPT. The study analyzes pedagogical, institutional and ethical implications associated with the adoption of these technologies, addressing issues such as personalization of learning, administrative efficiency, algorithmic governance and academic integrity. The methodology adopted was based on the analysis of a bibliographic portfolio previously constructed through the ProKnow-C method (Knowledge Development Process – Constructivist), which allowed the rigorous selection of 25 highly relevant scientific articles on the subject, published between 2015 and 2025. From this bibliographic corpus, the main conceptual trends, challenges and propositions for the field were extracted. The essay argues that, although AI represents a promising vector of innovation in higher education, its implementation demands responsible institutional policies, continuous teacher training and governance mechanisms that ensure equity, transparency and adherence to academic values.