PUBLIC POLICIES FOR THE PROTECTION OF WOMEN VICTIMS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE: A VICTIMOLOGICAL AND CRIMINAL ANALYSIS UNDER THE BRAZILIAN REALITY

Abstract

Domestic violence against women is a structural and multifaceted phenomenon, which requires effective responses from the legal system and public policies to protect victims. In Brazil, the legislative and institutional evolution of policies to protect women victims of violence has been marked by important advances, such as the creation of the Maria da Penha Law and the inclusion of psychological violence in the Penal Code, but it also faces challenges related to the effective application of laws and overcoming the macho culture that still permeates the care of victims. This article aims to analyze public policies for the protection of victims of domestic violence in Brazil, from the perspective of victimology and criminal law, highlighting their advances, limitations and challenges. The methodology adopted is qualitative, using bibliographic review and analysis of emblematic cases and jurisprudence related to domestic violence. The results indicate that, although there have been significant advances in legislation and support institutions, the lack of effectiveness in protective measures and the inadequate treatment of victims in the police and judicial spheres still compromise the effectiveness of public policies. It is concluded that, in order to achieve comprehensive protection, it is necessary not only to improve the legislation, but also to improve the training of professionals involved in the care of victims and ensure greater agility in judicial processes, in addition to fostering a cultural change that combats gender violence in a comprehensive way.