SCREENING, DEVELOPMENT, AND INTERVENTIONS IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the scientific production on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), in order to investigate the relationship between early screening, the recognition of risk factors and the impact of therapeutic models in promoting better prognosis for pediatric patients. Methodology: A literature review was carried out using the PubMed and VHL databases, with the descriptors: autism, screening, early diagnosis, risk factors, and therapeutic intervention, from 2019 to 2023. A total of 312 articles were identified, and, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 32 studies were selected for analysis, but only 7 were used to compose the collection. Results: ASD is characterized by a wide clinical heterogeneity, manifesting itself in symptoms such as delays in expressive communication, deficits in social interaction, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior. Among the most frequently reported risk factors are genetic predispositions, perinatal complications, and environmental influences. The literature analyzed highlighted the importance of methods such as the Modified Checklist for Autism in Children (M-CHAT-R/F), eye tracking, and machine learning algorithms in the early screening of ASD, allowing interventions initiated in the first years of life. Studies have also highlighted that therapeutic models based on multidisciplinary approaches, such as multiaxial diagnosis and the D.I.R./Floortime® model, are fundamental to improve social, communicative, and emotional skills, promoting greater inclusion and quality of life. Conclusion: Early identification of the signs and symptoms of ASD, coupled with the use of innovative screening tools and integrated therapeutic interventions, plays an essential role in promoting better prognosis for autistic children. Strategies that consider the individuality of each case and the complexity of the factors involved can transform the developmental trajectory of these children, ensuring more adequate and effective support.