IMPACT OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS ON THE MOTHER-INFANT BINOMIAL: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE MAIN COMPLICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT

Abstract

Objective: The main objective of this study is to analyze the scientific literature on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), highlighting the associated complications and the methods of management of this condition. Methodology: This is a systematic review focused on understanding the key aspects of gestational diabetes mellitus. The research was guided by the question: "What are the most common complications associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and what are the most effective management strategies according to scientific evidence?" To find answers, we searched the PubMed Central (PMC) database using four descriptors combined with the Boolean operator "AND". This resulted in 408 articles. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 31 articles were selected for analysis, of which 13 were used to compose the review. Results: GDM significantly increases the risk of the mother developing type 2 diabetes after pregnancy. Without appropriate interventions, a considerable portion of women with GDM can be diagnosed with diabetes mellitus within a few years of giving birth. The insulin resistance and increased inflammation seen in GDM are key factors contributing to this prolonged risk. In addition, GDM is associated with complications such as macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia, respiratory distress syndrome, among others. Conclusion: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a condition characterized by glucose intolerance during pregnancy, increasing the risk of complications such as preterm birth and macrosomia. GDM occurs due to insulin resistance, and can lead to the development of type 2 diabetes in the future. Effective management involves continuous monitoring, dietary control, and medical interventions, which are essential to protect the health of the mother and fetus.