SURGICAL TREATMENT OF DIGESTIVE DISEASES: MOST COMMON SURGICAL TECHNIQUES IN THE TREATMENT OF APPENDICITIS, CHOLECYSTECTOMY AND INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES

Abstract

Surgical treatment of digestive diseases, such as appendicitis, cholelithiasis, and inflammatory bowel diseases, plays a crucial role in the management of these conditions and is often necessary to resolve severe symptoms and complications. Appendectomy, traditionally performed by laparotomy, has been progressively replaced by laparoscopic appendectomy, which offers lower complication rates, shorter recovery time, and less postoperative pain. Cholecystectomy indicated for the treatment of cholelithiasis, has become a standard procedure, with the laparoscopic technique standing out for its efficiency, reduced hospital stay, and lower risk of complications. Regarding inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, surgical treatment involves intestinal resections and anastomoses, with the laparoscopic approach offering benefits similar to those of other pathologies, such as faster recovery and reduced risk of infection. However, these surgeries still present challenges, including complications related to healing and the need for strict postoperative monitoring. Thus, minimally invasive techniques have shown significant advances in the treatment of these pathologies, promoting a faster and less traumatic recovery for patients, although continuous monitoring is necessary to optimize long-term results.