CHALLENGES IN CHARACTERIZING AND PUNISHING PSYCHOLOGICAL VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN

Abstract

Psychological violence against women constitutes one of the most silent and complex forms of domestic violence, mainly due to the difficulty in identifying and proving the aggressions suffered by victims. This study aims to analyze the challenges faced in the characterization and punishment of psychological violence against women in Brazil, focusing on the difficulties related to the production of evidence, the accountability of the aggressor, and the effectiveness of protective measures. The research was developed through a bibliographic procedure, using doctrines, scientific articles, legislation, jurisprudence, and studies related to the subject. Initially, the paper addresses the concept and characteristics of psychological violence, as well as its main forms of manifestation. Subsequently, it analyzes the legal protection of women against psychological violence, with emphasis on the Maria da Penha Law and Law No. 14.188/2021, responsible for criminalizing this type of violence. The study also discusses the emotional, social, and psychological impacts caused to victims. Finally, it examines the main challenges faced by the justice system in the identification, production of evidence, and punishment of psychological violence against women. It is concluded that, despite legislative advances, there are still obstacles that compromise the effectiveness of victim protection, making it necessary to expand public policies, strengthen support networks, and raise social awareness about the seriousness of this form of violence.