ACTIVE METHODOLOGIES AND THE INTEGRATION OF TEACHING–RESEARCH–EXTENSION: CHALLENGES AND POTENTIALITIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Abstract

Higher education in Brazil faces challenges related to the need to train critical, reflective, and socially committed professionals capable of integrating theoretical and practical knowledge. In this context, active methodologies emerge as innovative pedagogical strategies that promote meaningful learning and place students at the center of their educational process. This study investigated active methodologies and their contribution to the integration of teaching, research, and extension in higher education, aiming to analyze their impact on learning, skills development, and the university’s social role. This research is a qualitative literature review based on scientific articles, legislation, and national guidelines addressing innovative pedagogical practices and the inseparability of academic activities. The results indicate that strategies such as problem-based learning, project-based learning, and flipped classroom promote student protagonism, integration of theory and practice, engagement in extension projects, and development of cognitive, socio-emotional, and professional skills. At the same time, the implementation of these methodologies faces pedagogical, institutional, and cultural challenges, including resistance to change, the need for teacher training, limited infrastructure, and curriculum adaptation. The intentional use of digital technologies enhances active learning, fostering collaboration and participation. In conclusion, active methodologies strengthen the integration of teaching, research, and extension, producing socially relevant knowledge and consolidating the transformative role of higher education.