SARS-COV-2 AND THROMBOEMBOLISM: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COVID-19 AND THROMBOTIC EVENTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/levv16n55-133Keywords:
COVID, COVID and Thrombosis, Vascular Complications, COVID ComplicationsAbstract
COVID-19 is a disease that caused thousands of deaths during the pandemic, which lasted for 3 years, from 2019 to 2023, significantly impacting global health. The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes several cellular changes in tissues and blood vessels, increasing the chances of developing complications after infection. Thus, vascular complications are observed in individuals who contract COVID-19, making it necessary to investigate the relationship between the disease and vascular complications, considering factors such as sex, age, genetics, length of hospital stay, and elevated cytokines. The general objective of this work is to understand the relationship between COVID-19 and vascular complications in patients. The literature review was produced using national and international articles published between 2020 and 2024 in the digital databases SciELO, PubMed, and Capes Journals. Analyzing all the data found in various studies during the last year, a clear association was found between the mechanism of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the body and the subsequent thromboembolic complications observed in these patients. The virus's action causes an intense release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-1, thus increasing thrombus formation. Furthermore, the virus directly attacks some cellular receptors, such as ACE-2, present in vascular cells, causing intense local damage. D-dimer is the subject of numerous studies, as it is a marker of great importance for the diagnosis and prognosis of thromboembolic events, and in patients with COVID-19 it is most often elevated. Several studies are still being conducted to associate possible genetic predispositions with thrombosis, such as the factor V Leiden mutation, and the association with other personal factors that may increase the likelihood of thrombotic events in patients with COVID-19. Therefore, this work seeks to relate the predisposing factors for thromboembolic events in patients with COVID-19.
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