STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS HYPERINFECTION SYNDROME: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW OF A CASE SERIES IN BRAZIL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/levv16n55-119Keywords:
Strongyloides stercoralis, Strongyloidiasis, Corticosteroids, Epidemiology, BrazilAbstract
Strongyloidiasis, or anguillulosis, is an intestinal infection caused by the nematode Strongyloides stercoralis, affecting between 30 and 100 million people globally. It is considered a neglected disease, especially in tropical regions and areas of low socioeconomic status. Although frequently asymptomatic, the disease can cause gastrointestinal and dermatological symptoms, evolving into severe forms such as hyperinfection syndrome and disseminated strongyloidiasis, with high mortality, mainly in immunosuppressed patients. Diagnosis combines serological and molecular techniques, and the treatment of choice is a single dose of ivermectin. Given its severity and underreporting, strongyloidiasis requires greater attention in public health and further epidemiological and clinical studies. The objective of this study is to conduct an integrative review of cases of disseminated and hyperinfection syndrome caused by S. stercoralis in Brazil, focusing on risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Reports obtained from PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were analyzed, totaling 23 cases. Risk factors included corticosteroid use, chemotherapy, transplants, cancer, HIV, HTLV-1, and chronic alcoholism. The most common symptoms included vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, cough, shortness of breath, fever, weakness, and anorexia. The findings reinforce the need for special clinical attention in immunocompromised patients, considering the early suspicion of S. stercoralis infection for therapeutic monitoring and prevention of hyperinfection syndrome. The study highlights the importance of improving surveillance, diagnosis, and public health intervention, given the severity of the disease and its potential for underdiagnosis.
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