THE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF LATE DIAGNOSIS IN AUTISTIC WOMEN

Abstract

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presents heterogeneous manifestations that vary in intensity and form of expression. In women, diagnosis tends to occur late due to factors such as social camouflaging, gender stereotypes, and diagnostic tools historically based on male patterns. Methodology: This study is a narrative literature review carried out in national and international databases between 2015 and 2024, selecting articles, dissertations, and institutional reports that specifically addressed the impact of late diagnosis in women with ASD. Results: The studies indicated that many autistic women are diagnosed only in adulthood, after trajectories marked by psychological distress, isolation, anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem, in addition to academic and professional losses resulting from the absence of early support and previous misdiagnoses. Discussion: It was observed that late diagnosis reflects a gender bias in clinical practice, with social camouflaging being the main factor that hinders the identification of female autism. Such invisibility causes emotional and social harm that could be minimized by more gender-sensitive diagnostic approaches. Final Considerations: It is concluded that early identification of ASD in women is essential to promote appropriate interventions, psychosocial support, and improved quality of life. The need for professional training and inclusive public policies that address the specificities of female autism is reinforced.