IMPACTO DEL TRATAMIENTO QUIRÚRGICO RECONSTRUCTIVO EN PACIENTES QUEMADOS: INTERSECCIÓN ENTRE RECUPERACIÓN FUNCIONAL Y SALUD MENTAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/levv16n53-041Palabras clave:
Quemaduras, Cirugía Reconstructiva, Salud Mental, Rehabilitación, Calidad de VidaResumen
Las quemaduras representan un importante problema de salud pública global, con alto impacto clínico, funcional y psicológico. El tratamiento quirúrgico reconstructivo es fundamental para restaurar la integridad anatómica y funcional, especialmente en casos de lesiones profundas o extensas. Sin embargo, las repercusiones de las quemaduras van más allá del ámbito físico, afectando significativamente a la autoimagen, la autoestima y la reinserción social de los pacientes. Este estudio realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura con el objetivo de analizar la relación entre los resultados de la cirugía reconstructiva y la salud mental de pacientes quemados, identificando cómo el resultado estético-funcional influye en el bienestar psicológico. Se ha observado que los pacientes que logran buenos resultados reconstructivos reportan niveles reducidos de depresión y ansiedad, así como una mayor satisfacción personal y social. Por otro lado, las cicatrices extensas y los múltiples procedimientos quirúrgicos se asocian con una mayor prevalencia de trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) y aislamiento social. Se concluye que la rehabilitación del paciente quemado debe realizarse de forma multidisciplinaria, integrando cirugía plástica, fisioterapia, psiquiatría y psicología, para promover una recuperación verdaderamente integral, que abarque cuerpo, mente e inserción social.
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