PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DIABETES MELLITUS AND MECHANISMS OF MAJOR MATERNAL COMPLICATIONS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract

Objective: The main objective of this study is to review the scientific literature on the pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and the mechanisms underlying associated maternal complications. Methodology: This research is a systematic review aimed at understanding the essential aspects of Diabetes Mellitus and its maternal complications. The research was guided by the question: "What are the main mechanisms that lead to maternal complications in diabetes mellitus, and what scientific evidence supports these findings?" To answer this question, we searched the PubMed Central (PMC) database using four descriptors combined with the Boolean operator "AND". This resulted in 408 articles. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 28 articles were selected for analysis, of which 8 were used to compose this review. Results: Diabetes Mellitus significantly increases the risk of maternal complications, such as preeclampsia, preterm birth, and fetal macrosomia. Without appropriate interventions, many women with DM can develop serious complications during pregnancy. Insulin resistance and increased inflammation seen in DM are crucial factors contributing to these complications. In addition, DM is associated with neonatal complications such as neonatal hypoglycemia and respiratory distress syndrome. Conclusion: Diabetes Mellitus is a condition characterized by chronic hyperglycemia that can lead to several maternal and neonatal complications. Understanding pathophysiological mechanisms, such as insulin resistance and inflammation, is essential for effective disease management and for protecting maternal and fetal health.