MAIN HERBAL MEDICINES USED IN THE TREATMENT OF ANXIETY DISORDER

Abstract

Anxiety is characterized by exacerbated physiological and emotional reactions, which can compromise the individual's quality of life. Conventional treatment involves psychotherapy and psychotropic drugs, such as benzodiazepines and antidepressants, which can cause adverse effects and dependence. In this context, phytotherapy emerges as a promising approach, taking advantage of the vast medicinal potential of plants. The study performs an integrative review of the literature, analyzing scientific evidence on the main anxiolytic herbal medicines. Among the medicinal plants highlighted are Passiflora incarnata (passion fruit), Valeriana officinalis (valerian), Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) and Piper methysticum (kava-kava), these active ingredients demonstrate efficacy in modulating GABA receptors, promoting relaxation and relief of anxious symptoms. The results indicate that these herbal medicines have proven anxiolytic action, being comparable to synthetic medicines, but with fewer side effects. Clinical studies indicate that Melissa officinalis reduces anxiety symptoms in up to 42.8% of cases, while Passiflora incarnata has similar efficacy to midazolam. However, herbal medicines can also generate adverse effects, such as excessive sedation and drug interactions, appropriate prescription. The article emphasizes the importance of the pharmacist in guiding and prescribing herbal medicines, ensuring the safe and effective use of these products. It is concluded that phytotherapy is a viable alternative for the treatment of anxiety, requiring further clinical studies to improve its safety and efficacy.