Advances in heart failure therapy with Ventricular Assist Devices: Impacts on patients' quality of life and survival

Abstract

Advanced heart failure is one of the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality, and Ventricular Assist Devices (VADs) have stood out as an effective alternative for critically ill patients awaiting a heart transplant or are not candidates for the procedure. In Brazil, with a high prevalence of this condition, the use of VADs offers a significant hope of survival and improvement in quality of life. However, the use of these devices is associated with several significant complications, including infections, thrombosis, bleeding, device dysfunction, and neurological complications. This study explores these complications and the strategies to mitigate them, integrating the national and international literature. The review highlights the need for protocols adapted to local conditions, the importance of personalized anticoagulation and continuous monitoring, and suggests the implementation of advanced technologies and evidence-based practices to improve clinical outcomes. The conclusion of the study is that while VADs represent a vital solution for patients with advanced heart failure, it is critical to carefully manage the associated complications to ensure the safety and efficacy of treatment. Integrating evidence-based practices and adapting to local contexts are essential to optimize care and improve patients' quality of life.