Main complications of total hip arthroplasty: A systematic review

Abstract

Objective: The general objective of the present study is to analyze the scientific production on the complications of total hip arthroplasty, seeking to identify the main postoperative pathologies, as well as the main methods used in the treatment of these complications. Methodology: This is a systematic review focused on understanding the main aspects of complications of total hip arthroplasty.  The research was guided by the question: "What are the main aspects that permeate the surgical methods in the performance of Hip Arthroplasty, as well as what are its main complications in clinical practice?" To find answers, searches were performed in the PubMed database using four descriptors combined with the Boolean term "AND": Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, Postoperative Complications, Intraoperative Complications, Prognosis and Hip Prosthesis.   From this search, 520 articles were found. 17 articles were selected for analysis. Results: Recent advances, such as the direct anterior approach and the use of tranexamic acid to control blood loss, have improved outcomes. However, challenges persist, such as prosthesis-associated infection (PJI) and postoperative neuropsychiatric complications. Conclusion: Continuous research and judicious application of these approaches are essential to optimize outcomes and promote the health of patients undergoing THA.