Follow-up of a patient diagnosed with Guillain-Barré Syndrome with sensory-motor axonal injury (AMSAN)

Abstract

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is a rare inflammatory disease of the peripheral nervous system, with a prevalence of 1-4 cases per 100,000 population. It is characterized by acute flaccid paralysis with ascending motor and sensory symptoms, and can be electrophysiologically classified into subtypes such as acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), and acute sensory-motor axonal neuropathy (AMSAN). GBS, usually triggered by viral infections, can lead to serious complications like respiratory failure due to phrenic nerve palsy. The reported case study describes a patient with AMSAN, a severe and rare form of the disease, who presented with progressive weakness and areflexia, with a diagnosis confirmed by electroneuromyography and successful treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin. The prognosis is usually favorable with appropriate treatment, but may include complications and the need for prolonged rehabilitation.