Clinical manifestations and management of Congenital Toxoplasmosis: A systematic review

Abstract

Objective: The general objective of the present study is to analyze the scientific production on Congenital Toxoplasmosis, seeking to identify the main clinical manifestations, as well as the main methods used in the treatment of this pathology. . Methodology: It is a systematic review focused on understanding the main aspects of Congenital Toxoplasmosis. The research was guided by the question: "What are the main signs and symptoms of Congenital Toxoplasmosis in the pediatric population, as well as what are the therapeutic resources used in clinical practice?" . To find answers, searches were performed in the PubMed database using four descriptors combined with the Boolean term "AND". This resulted in 102 articles. 14 articles were selected for analysis. Results: Congenital toxoplasmosis is serious and its consequences for the fetus vary according to the trimester of infection. Infections in early pregnancy are less common but more severe, and can cause neurological and ocular complications. Accurate diagnostics, such as IgG and PCR avidity tests, are essential to identify recent infections and enable timely interventions. Conclusion: Prevention, early treatment, and screening programs are crucial to reduce transmission and negative impacts on the infant, and the combination of early diagnosis, effective treatment, and prevention improves outcomes for pregnant women and infants.