RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN COMPLICATIONS OF VIDEO-ASSISTED LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY AT A UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN RIBEIRÃO PRETO

Abstract

Introduction: Cholecystectomy consists of the removal of the gallbladder, a procedure that is currently widely used to treat various pathologies involving the biliary tract. Initially, the procedure was performed via laparotomy, resulting in large incisions, longer hospital stays, and higher complication rates. Therefore, laparoscopic cholecystectomy emerged as a major advancement in the field of general surgery, and is now considered the gold standard method. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the main complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed at Hospital Electro Bonini in the last 5 years. Methodology: The study was submitted to the ethics and research committee and, after approval, was carried out through a review of medical records of patients who underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy at Hospital Electro Bonini between 2019 and 2023. All patients over 18 years of age were included, except for pregnant women. Results: The study revealed that the main complications are related to the location of the incisions made during surgery, primarily citing pain in the umbilical scar region and discomfort in the surgical wound area. In addition, intestinal and gastrointestinal symptoms were mainly related to the ingestion of specific foods, and other less frequent complications. The analysis also showed that no intraoperative or serious complications occurred, with all reported complications being managed on an outpatient basis. Conclusion: Therefore, the study demonstrated the safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and justified its superiority over open surgery, which has greater inherent risks. Furthermore, it highlighted the importance of intra-, pre-, and postoperative care, as well as the proper management of complications on an outpatient basis, promoting good and rapid recovery and well-being for the patient.