DETERMINANTS OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN OLD AGE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF CONTRIBUTING FACTORS

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this literature review is to report the current knowledge about the main factors that contribute to healthy aging in the elderly population, considering nutrition, physical exercise and social involvement. Methodology: We searched the PubMed database using combinations of descriptors with the Boolean term "AND": "Healthy aging", "Elderly health", "Quality of life in the elderly", "Physical activity in the elderly" and "Geriatric care". A total of 125 articles were found, of which 36 were initially selected. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 9 articles were included in the review. The inclusion criteria were: articles in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, published between 2019 and 2024, and available in full. Duplicate articles, in the form of an abstract, or not directly related to the topic were excluded. Results: The review identified that adequate nutrition is essential for the prevention of weakness and cognitive decline in the elderly, highlighting the importance of protein intake, vitamins and essential fatty acids. Supplementation with creatine, vitamin D, and omega-3 is effective in promoting muscle and cognitive health. Regular physical exercise, especially aerobic and resistance training, is critical for maintaining cognitive function, cardiovascular health, and muscle strength. In addition, social involvement and family and community support are crucial for the mental and emotional health of seniors. Conclusion: It is concluded that the promotion of healthy aging requires an integrated approach that combines adequate nutrition, regular physical exercise, and social involvement. The implementation of these strategies can significantly improve the quality of life of the elderly, promoting active and healthy aging.