INSUFICIENCIA CARDÍACA CON FRACCIÓN DE EYECCIÓN Preservada: ESTRATEGIAS TERAPÉUTICAS Y PERSPECTIVAS ACTUALES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/ERR01v10n4-013Palabras clave:
Insuficiencia Cardíaca con Fracción de Eyección Preservada, Diagnóstico, TratamientoResumen
El corazón es un órgano adaptativo que responde a diversos estímulos fisiológicos y patológicos. En la insuficiencia cardíaca con fracción de eyección preservada (ICFEp), estas adaptaciones presentan características específicas que reflejan alteraciones en la función diastólica y el remodelado ventricular. El objetivo general de este estudio fue consolidar y analizar críticamente la evidencia científica actual sobre la ICFEp, abordando sus bases fisiopatológicas, los desafíos diagnósticos y las estrategias terapéuticas. El objetivo específico fue describir las principales terapias farmacológicas y no farmacológicas disponibles, evaluando su eficacia, beneficios clínicos y limitaciones con base en la evidencia reciente. Para ello, se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura, incluyendo estudios que evalúan intervenciones farmacológicas, como inhibidores de SGLT2, betabloqueantes, antagonistas de los receptores de mineralocorticoides y moduladores metabólicos, así como enfoques no farmacológicos, priorizando ensayos clínicos, revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis con resultados clínicos relevantes. Las estrategias terapéuticas analizadas mostraron una reducción de las hospitalizaciones, una mejora de la capacidad funcional y el control de los síntomas, lo que resalta la importancia de un enfoque individualizado basado en las características del paciente y las guías actualizadas. La conclusión es que el manejo de la IC-FEp requiere la integración de terapias farmacológicas y no farmacológicas, con el potencial de mejorar los resultados clínicos y la calidad de vida. Se necesitan más estudios para optimizar el tratamiento para los diferentes perfiles de pacientes.
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