BREATHING IN THE AMAZON: REFLECTIONS ON CLEAN AIR AS A FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHT IN THE 21ST CENTURY

Abstract

The Amazon, the largest tropical biome on the planet, plays a crucial role in regulating the global climate and maintaining public health. However, air quality in the region has been compromised by wildfires and deforestation, generating significant impacts on the respiratory and cardiovascular health of the population. This paper presents a reflection based on a review of scientific literature and documentary analysis of institutional reports and national and international legislation, synthesizing evidence on the effects of atmospheric pollution in the Amazon, its social and economic costs, and its relationship with fundamental human rights. Findings indicate that air quality degradation constitutes a serious rights violation, affecting vulnerable populations, indigenous territories, and traditional communities. The discussion highlights the need for integrated public policies, environmental monitoring, and legal protection to ensure the right to a healthy environment.