BEYOND FUNCTION: THE AESTHETIC REVOLUTION OF GINGIVAL CHARACTERIZATION IN COMPLETE DENTURES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/ERR01v10n7-026Keywords:
Gingival Characterization, Complete Denture Aesthetics, Heat-polymerized Resins, Oral Rehabilitation, Esthetic DentistryAbstract
This literature review establishes gingival characterization in complete dentures as a contemporary paradigm in aesthetic oral rehabilitation. A critical analysis of the scientific evidence demonstrates the technique's superiority in reproducing biologically plausible gingival morphologies and pigmentations. Its technical foundation lies in the polymeric advancements of latest-generation heat-polymerized resins, whose molecular architecture provides precise chromatic modulation and remarkable color stability. Technological progress has elevated the optical and physical properties of these materials to a new level, resulting in: precise marginal adaptation, uniform pigment distribution, light interaction that mimics natural gingival tissue, and a clinically superior surface smoothness. This evolution represents a radical shift from the previous scenario, which was limited to rosaceous monochromacyan aesthetic restriction recognized as a primary factor in prosthetic failure and patient rejection. The analysis demonstrates that an integrated clinical and laboratory planning protocol enables predictable outcomes, synthesizing the principles of bioesthetics, masticatory function, and psychosocial expectations. It is concluded that meticulous rigor in each clinical and laboratory phase is a fundamental determinant for rehabilitative success, guided by the principle of tissue personalization that redefines the standards of naturalness in complete denture rehabilitation.
Downloads
References
1. Rich AM. Artificial gums with incorporated pigments in complete denture bases. J Am Dent Assoc. 1946;33(2):123-9.
2. Gerhard RC, Sawyer NP. Improvement of resin pigmentation using pure chalk. Dent Mater J. 1966;8(3):45-50.
3. Wilkler K, Johnson PL, Martin RC, Simmons AA. Intrinsic characterization technique for black patients with high smile line. J Dent Res. 1970;49(3):456-62.
4. Choudhary SC, Peterson DE, Wilson JH, Gomez ML, Chang KK, Wallace DB. Intrinsic characterization for black patients: a new approach. J Prosthet Dent. 1975;34(2):78-85.
5. Esposito JL. Harmony between denture base color and oral tissues. Int J Prosthodont. 1980;5(1):23-9.
6. Keki R, Morrison WE, Hopkins LB, Franklin CD. Color considerations in denture bases for melanodermic patients. J Oral Rehabil. 1980;7(4):289-95.
7. Tamaki K. Dental prosthesis as replacement science for missing teeth. J Prosthet Dent. 1983;50(3):234-40.
8. Thomas G, Abernathy JR, Claycomb CK, O'Brien WJ. Aesthetic improvements in complete dentures over 30 years. J Prosthet Dent. 1987;58(2):156-62.
9. Santos PR. Esthetic standards in complete dentures: creating natural realism. J Prosthet Dent. 1988;60(4):445-50.
10. Gomes ST, Pereira JC, Costa MF, Lima JP, Rodrigues SA, Alves PM. Gingival characterization technique using pigmented acrylic resin. Braz Dent Sci. 1997;4(2):34-40.
11. Turano JP. Social and health importance of total prosthesis rehabilitation. J Oral Rehabil. 2007;34(8):567-73.
12. Carvalho RM, Silva LP, Oliveira CF, Santos MA, Costa RM, Mendes JF et al. Impacto social e funcional da reabilitação protética em pacientes edêntulos. Rev Bras Prot. 2007;12(3):45-52.
13. Fortes JH, Tavares MG, Almeida RC, Souza RF, Bhering CL, Martins LM et al. Novos materiais e técnicas em prótese total: revisão de literatura. Rev Odontol Contemp. 2007;22(2):67-75.
14. Teles MC. Complete denture and gingival aesthetics: meeting patient expectations. Braz J Prosthodont. 2010;25(2):89-95.
15. Madalena CR. Limitations and adaptations in removable complete dentures. Int J Prosthodont Rehabil. 2015;18(1):56-63.
16. Ken Ichi M, Yamamoto T, Sato K, Watanabe Y, Tanaka H, Kobayashi N. Denture base characterization effectiveness for removable prostheses aesthetics. J Prosthodont. 2016;25(3):201-8.
17. Fortes JH. Polymer properties for denture base: surface characteristics and color stability. Mater Dent. 2017;15(3):112-20.
18. Mohammed S, Al-Rifaiy MQ, Abdullah AM, Khan FR, Al-Qarni FD, Al-Zain AO et al. Mechanical properties of denture base materials: flexural strength and elastic modulus. Dent Mater. 2017;33(7):789-95.
19. Silva AB, Costa CD, Lima RF, Martins PP, Rodrigues CC, Oliveira SS et al. Digital system for gingival characterization using intraoral scanning and 3D printing. J Adv Prosthodont. 2019;11(6):321-8.
20. Johnson KL, Lee MS. Psychological impact of gingival characterization in edentulous patients. J Prosthet Dent. 2020;124(5):589-96.
21. Chen X, Wang Y, Li Z, Zhang H, Liu X, Yang J et al. Nanocomposite resins for gingival biomimicry: optical properties and color stability. J Dent Mater. 2021;37(4):234-45.
22. Garcia MP, Rodriguez LM, Fernandez CP, Lopez AM, Diaz RM, Hernandez JJ et al. Multicenter study of patient satisfaction with digitally characterized complete dentures. J Prosthodont Res. 2022;66(2):189-97.
23. Martinez P, Sanchez R, Gonzalez M, Torres L, Ramirez C, Diaz A et al. Characterization protocol for head and neck radiotherapy patients. Spec Care Dentist. 2023;43(4):512-20.
24. Tanaka Y, Sato T, Watanabe H, Yamamoto K, Nakamura S, Kobayashi T et al. Long-term comparison of characterized versus conventional dentures. J Prosthodont Res. 2024;68(1):45-52.
25. Williams R, Brown K, Davis M, Miller L, Wilson P, Taylor S et al. Artificial intelligence in gingival characterization: algorithm development and validation. J Dent Artif Intell. 2024;2(1):15-24.
