PALATOSCHISIS IN SMALL NEONATES – LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Cleft palate results from the incomplete fusion of the palatal processes during embryogenesis, leading to the formation of a longitudinal fissure in the hard and/or soft palate. This condition may occur in isolation or be associated with other congenital anomalies, resulting in an abnormal communication between the oral and nasal cavities. It can be either congenital or acquired. The main objective of this study was to address neonatal canine cleft palate in small animals, using a literature review from scientific databases as the methodological approach. Failure in the fusion of the palatal plates impairs suckling in neonates by preventing the generation of adequate negative pressure for nursing. This may lead to aspiration of food and result in pulmonary infections, coughing, vomiting, and nasal reflux during feeding—representing one of the leading causes of mortality. The treatment of cleft palate is primarily surgical. However, due to the high incidence of this condition, it is essential to determine the most appropriate timing for surgical intervention, taking into consideration the patient’s immune status, surgical risks, and stage of craniofacial development. Various surgical techniques are described in the literature, and the choice of method depends on the clinical condition of the patient, as well as the location and type of cleft palate. Preventive measures, such as raising awareness among pet owners and controlling the breeding of severely affected individuals, are crucial to reducing the incidence of this condition and ensuring the well-being of predisposed breeds. Immediate evaluation of neonates at birth is critical, as it allows for early clinical intervention, which contributes to improved prognosis and reduced mortality. Thorough clinical examination is therefore essential, with careful observation of the animal’s responses to its environment. It is hoped that the present study will contribute to future research, new therapeutic approaches, and preventive strategies.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56238/edimpacto2025.043-007