MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY IN NORTHEAST BRAZIL: BIODIVERSITY'S POTENTIAL FOR INNOVATION IN HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

Abstract

Marine biotechnology has established itself as one of the most innovative fronts in the sustainable bioeconomy, offering promising solutions to global challenges in the areas of health, food, energy and the environment. In the Brazilian context, the Northeast region stands out for being home to some of the greatest marine biodiversity in the South Atlantic, representing a veritable natural laboratory for the development of biotechnologies based on aquatic resources. The aim of this chapter is to analyze the biotechnological potential of marine organisms from the Brazilian Northeast, highlighting their applications in the areas of health and environmental sustainability, as well as identifying the main challenges and opportunities for the advancement of marine biotechnology in the region. The methodology adopted consisted of a systematic bibliographic review of scientific articles, technical reports and institutional documents published in recent years, with an emphasis on contemporary authors and recognized databases such as Scopus, Web of Science and SciELO. The results indicate that, although there are relevant initiatives underway, the sector still faces barriers such as lack of investment, regulatory gaps, weaknesses in the scientific infrastructure and insufficient training of specialized professionals. On the other hand, strategic areas with high potential for innovation were identified, such as the use of microalgae to produce biofuels and bioactive compounds, the use of marine organisms for pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, and the development of technologies for the bioremediation of coastal environments. The study concludes that the consolidation of marine biotechnology in the Northeast depends on the articulation of integrated public policies, the strengthening of research networks, the encouragement of cooperation between scientific institutions and the productive sector, and the valorization of regional human capital. These actions are essential for transforming the region's marine wealth into a vector for economic, sustainable and inclusive development.