TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE REGULATION OF BIOFUELS IN BRAZIL: HISTORICAL-INSTITUTIONAL PATH AND SUSTAINABLE PERSPECTIVES

Abstract

This study analyzes the historical-institutional evolution of the regulatory mechanisms applied to the biofuels sector in Brazil, from the creation of the Sugar and Alcohol Institute (IAA) in 1933 to the consolidation of the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP). The research, developed in the "Environment and Sustainability" line, examines the paradigmatic transition from an interventionist and centralizing state model to a regulatory structure based on independent agencies, reflecting broader economic, political and social transformations. The work highlights the importance of the constitutional principle of an ecologically balanced environment, established in article 225 of the Federal Constitution of 1988, as a structuring element in the formulation of public energy policies. It also analyzes the fundamental role of the National Alcohol Program (Proálcool) in the development of the Brazilian biofuel industry and its contribution to the diversification of the national energy matrix. The methodology adopted is qualitative, with an inductive approach, based on comprehensive bibliographic and documentary research. The results show that the effectiveness of biofuel regulation depends on the consolidation of an institutional framework that harmonizes legal certainty, technical capacity and commitment to sustainability, contributing to Brazilian leadership in the global energy transition.