CONCENTRAÇÕES DE GLIFOSATO (N-(FOSFONOMETIL)GLICINA) EM CURSOS DE ÁGUA – REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA E ANÁLISE CIENTOMÉTRICA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev7n9-168Palavras-chave:
Águas Superficiais, Águas Subterrâneas, Glifosato, Contaminação, Revisão Sistemática, CienciometriaResumo
O glifosato, que se degrada em ácido aminometilfosfônico (AMPA), é o ingrediente ativo mais amplamente utilizado em herbicidas em todo o mundo. Ambos os compostos podem entrar em sistemas aquáticos por meio de escoamento superficial, lixiviação, deriva de pulverização e irrigação, levando à contaminação da água e subsequente incorporação na cadeia alimentar. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática e análise cienciométrica de pesquisas publicadas entre 2015 e 2025 sobre concentrações de glifosato e AMPA em águas superficiais e subterrâneas, e comparar concentrações detectadas geograficamente com limites regulatórios nacionais. Uma revisão sistemática foi conduzida seguindo o protocolo PRISMA, complementada por análise cienciométrica. Buscas bibliográficas foram realizadas nas bases de dados Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect e SciELO. Um total de 127 artigos relatando concentrações de glifosato e AMPA em águas superficiais e subterrâneas foram selecionados. Os países que contribuíram com o maior número de estudos foram Argentina, Brasil, Canadá, Estados Unidos, México e Itália. A análise cienciométrica revelou que essas nações não apenas dominam a produção científica, mas também constituem as redes de cocitação mais influentes, com o estudo mais frequentemente citado originário dos Estados Unidos. A maior concentração relatada foi no Brasil (8.700 µg/L), o que é 133 vezes acima do limite regulatório brasileiro (65 µg/L). As análises estatísticas mostraram ainda que as concentrações de glifosato variam significativamente por região geográfica, com diferenças notáveis entre a Europa e a América do Norte. As concentrações de glifosato frequentemente excedem os limites máximos permitidos nacionais, mesmo em países com legislação rigorosa como os da Europa, onde os valores ultrapassaram o limite legal de 0,1 µg/L em vários locais. Essas descobertas ressaltam a natureza generalizada da contaminação por glifosato e destacam a necessidade de monitoramento e fiscalização regulatória mais rigorosos.
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