LACTOFERRINA EN LA LECHE HUMANA: ESTRUCTURA, FUNCIONES BIOLÓGICAS E IMPLICACIONES EN EL EJE MICROBIOTA-INTESTINO-CEREBRO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev7n10-086Palabras clave:
Lactoferrina, Leche Humana, Microbiota, Eje Cerebro-Intestino, NeonatoResumen
La leche materna (LM) es la principal fuente nutricional para los recién nacidos, siendo clave para el desarrollo de la microbiota intestinal, el sistema inmunológico y la maduración fisiológica. Entre sus componentes bioactivos, destaca la lactoferrina (LF), glicoproteína multifuncional de la familia de las transferrinas, con alta afinidad por el hierro y diversas funciones biológicas. Este artículo revisa su estructura molecular, isoformas, modificaciones postraduccionales, estabilidad estructural y su comparación con la LF de otras especies. Se aborda la variación de su concentración en la LM según la etapa de lactancia, los factores maternos que la influyen, su resistencia a la digestión gastrointestinal infantil y la liberación de péptidos bioactivos. Estos aspectos refuerzan su papel como agente inmunológico, antimicrobiano y modulador de la comunicación entre microbiota intestinal y sistema nervioso central, con impacto en la salud y desarrollo neurológico del lactante. Comprender su solubilidad, biodisponibilidad y bioactividad es esencial para guiar estrategias nutricionales e intervenciones terapéuticas, especialmente en la formulación de suplementos y fórmulas infantiles con perfil funcional semejante al de la leche materna.
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