CALIDAD DE VIDA Y FACTORES ASOCIADOS EN PERSONAS MAYORES CON MIELOMA MÚLTIPLE ATENDIDAS EN EL SISTEMA ÚNICO DE SALUD (SUS)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev7n9-072Palabras clave:
Adulto Mayor, Mieloma Múltiple, Calidad de VidaResumen
El mieloma múltiple (MM) es un cáncer de células plasmáticas que afecta principalmente a la población de edad avanzada, con una edad media de 70 años. Representa aproximadamente el 2% de los cánceres y ocupa el segundo lugar entre las neoplasias hematológicas. A pesar de la mejora en las tasas de supervivencia de las personas con MM, esta enfermedad aún se considera incurable, caracterizada por recaídas y remisiones, lo que afecta a la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS). En pacientes con cáncer, los factores que afectan negativamente la CVRS, al minimizarse, conducen a mejores resultados clínicos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la CVRS y los factores asociados en personas de edad avanzada con MM en tratamiento de primera línea o con recaídas, tratadas en el Hospital de Clínicas de la Universidad Federal de Pernambuco (HC-UFPE). Se trata de un estudio transversal, cuantitativo, en el que se caracterizó a los participantes desde un punto de vista sociodemográfico y clínico y se realizaron comparaciones con las puntuaciones de CVRS. La CVRS se evaluó mediante el cuestionario de la Organización Europea para la Investigación del Cáncer (EORTC-QLQ C-30) y el Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida del Mieloma Múltiple-20 (EORTC QLQ-MY20). De los 27 pacientes incluidos, la mayoría tenía entre 60 y 69 años, era de raza negra o mestiza, estaba casada, tenía bajo nivel educativo, presentaba subtipo IgG Kappa, tenía menos de 5 años de enfermedad, recibía solo una línea de tratamiento, no tenía antecedentes de trasplante de médula ósea (TMO), presentaba multimorbilidad y polifarmacia, presentaba buen estado general y se encontraba en estadio avanzado. El bajo nivel educativo, la viudez o el divorcio, la multimorbilidad y un estado general más bajo demostraron un deterioro significativo de la CVRS. Abordar y controlar los aspectos multifactoriales de los pacientes mayores con mieloma múltiple son estrategias para mejorar la CVRS.
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