EL IMPACTO DEL ESTILO DE VIDA EN EL COMPORTAMIENTO ADOLESCENTE: PRIMERAS PERSPECTIVAS SOBRE VIDA SALUDABLE Y SALUD MENTAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev7n8-069Palabras clave:
Healthy Lifestyle, Adolescent Behaviour, Mental Health, Psychopathology, Disease PreventionResumen
Este estudio investigó las asociaciones entre los comportamientos relacionados con el estilo de vida y el funcionamiento psicosocial en adolescentes de una escuela secundaria pública en el noreste de Brasil. Utilizando un diseño transversal de base escolar, se recopilaron datos en octubre de 2024 a partir de una muestra de 61 estudiantes de entre 15 y 19 años. Los participantes completaron dos instrumentos validados: el Perfil del Estilo de Vida Individual (PEVI), que evalúa comportamientos relacionados con la salud en cinco dominios del estilo de vida, y el Cuestionario de Fortalezas y Dificultades (SDQ), una herramienta ampliamente utilizada para evaluar el funcionamiento psicosocial. Los resultados revelaron vulnerabilidades clave en los comportamientos de salud, incluyendo una alimentación inadecuada, bajos niveles de actividad física y dificultades en el manejo del estrés. Se identificaron diferencias significativas por sexo: las chicas tendieron a reportar más síntomas internalizantes y dificultades en las relaciones interpersonales, mientras que los chicos informaron mayores niveles de actividad física y bienestar psicosocial general. Estas disparidades reflejan barreras socioculturales persistentes que limitan la participación femenina en actividades físicas, lo cual puede afectar negativamente la autoestima, el bienestar emocional y la conexión social. A pesar de estos desafíos, los comportamientos prosociales se mantuvieron relativamente preservados, lo que sugiere la presencia de factores de resiliencia que podrían fortalecerse mediante intervenciones específicas. En general, los resultados sugieren que la salud mental de los adolescentes está influenciada por una variedad de comportamientos modificables relacionados con el estilo de vida y por dinámicas sociales. Estos patrones conductuales, incluso en contextos menos urbanizados, parecen reflejar cambios culturales más amplios y tendencias epidemiológicas en evolución. Los hallazgos destacan la necesidad de intervenciones escolares integradas que sean sensibles al género y adecuadas al contexto. Promover la actividad física, fortalecer las relaciones entre pares y fomentar hábitos de vida saludables durante la adolescencia puede contribuir a reducir el malestar psicosocial y apoyar objetivos más amplios de salud pública centrados en el bienestar y la prevención de enfermedades.
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