TRATAMENTO DO TDAH EM ADULTOS: EFICÁCIA COMPARADA ENTRE ABORDAGENS FARMACOLÓGICAS E NÃO FARMACOLÓGICAS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/levv17n59-043Palavras-chave:
Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade, TDAH em Adultos, Farmacoterapia, Psicoestimulantes, Metilfenidato, Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental, Neurofeedback, Intervenções Não Farmacológicas, Tratamento Multimodal, Comorbidades PsiquiátricasResumo
O Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) persiste na idade adulta em 50 a 60% dos casos, acarretando prejuízos funcionais significativos e alta prevalência de comorbidades. Este estudo consistiu em uma revisão narrativa da literatura com o objetivo de comparar a eficácia das abordagens farmacológicas e não farmacológicas no tratamento do TDAH em adultos. A busca foi realizada nas bases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science e ScienceDirect, resultando na inclusão de 10 estudos após aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade. Os resultados indicam que os psicoestimulantes — metilfenidato e lisdexanfetamina — permanecem como primeira linha terapêutica, com eficácia robusta na redução dos sintomas centrais. A atomoxetina se destaca como alternativa não estimulante, especialmente em pacientes com risco de abuso de substâncias. Entre as intervenções não farmacológicas, a terapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC) apresentou os resultados mais consistentes, seguida pelo neurofeedback, Self-Alert Training (SAT), mindfulness, terapia de luz e exercício físico. A análise evidencia complementaridade entre as duas modalidades: enquanto os fármacos atuam de forma mais rápida nos sintomas nucleares, as intervenções psicossociais favorecem a autorregulação, a adesão e o manejo de comorbidades. Conclui-se que o tratamento deve ser individualizado e preferencialmente multimodal, integrando farmacoterapia e intervenções não farmacológicas. Ressalta-se, contudo, a necessidade de ensaios clínicos randomizados com maior rigor metodológico para subsidiar diretrizes clínicas mais abrangentes.
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