EPIGENETICS AND MENTAL DISORDERS: THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON GENE EXPRESSION

Resumen

Epigenetics plays a crucial role in mediating the effects of environmental factors on gene expression, significantly influencing the development and progression of mental disorders. This article reviews current evidence on how trauma, chronic stress, and emotional experiences induce epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone modification, in genes related to stress response and neuroplasticity. It also highlights how psychotherapeutic and environmental interventions can reverse maladaptive epigenetic patterns, promoting resilience and recovery. Furthermore, genome-wide studies reveal distinct epigenetic signatures in psychiatric conditions, providing insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Understanding the dynamic interplay between genes and environment through epigenetics advances personalized approaches to mental health treatment and prevention.