MONITOREO PSICOFISIOLÓGICO EN EL DEPORTE: PERFIL DEL ESTADO DE ÁNIMO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/levv16n53-141Palabras clave:
Estado de Ánimo, POMS, Perfil Iceberg, Rendimiento Deportivo, Sobreentrenamiento, Fatiga, Monitoreo PsicológicoResumen
El estado emocional desempeña un papel crucial en el rendimiento deportivo, afectando tanto los aspectos psicológicos como fisiológicos de los atletas. El Perfil del Estado de Ánimo (POMS) es una herramienta psicométrica ampliamente utilizada para monitorizar las variaciones emocionales y predecir cambios en el rendimiento. El modelo del Perfil Iceberg destaca que los atletas de alto nivel generalmente presentan puntuaciones altas de vigor y bajos niveles de tensión, depresión, ira, fatiga y confusión. Las investigaciones indican que los cambios en los estados emocionales pueden preceder a descensos en el rendimiento e indicar la presencia de fatiga crónica o síndrome de sobreentrenamiento. El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar la estructura de las herramientas psicométricas para el análisis del estado de ánimo, su aplicabilidad en el contexto deportivo y su correlación con biomarcadores fisiológicos de estrés y fatiga. Además, se exploran versiones reducidas de la escala, como la Escala de Ánimo de Brunel (BRUMS), que facilita su aplicación práctica sin comprometer la validez de los datos. Finalmente, se discuten las limitaciones del POMS, incluyendo la subjetividad de las respuestas y la necesidad de combinar su análisis con otras métricas fisiológicas y psicológicas para una evaluación más precisa del estado de preparación del atleta.
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