REDES DE SUMINISTRO: ESTRUCTURAS, ESTRATEGIAS Y TENDENCIAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/levv16n53-017Palabras clave:
Redes de Suministro, Revisión de la Literatura, Estrategias, Gobernanza, Tendencias de InvestigaciónResumen
Las Redes de Suministro (RS) constituyen una de las áreas más dinámicas y estratégicas de la gestión de la cadena de suministro, abarcando interacciones complejas entre proveedores, fabricantes, distribuidores, clientes y actores institucionales. A pesar de la creciente relevancia del tema, todavía son escasas las revisiones que sintetizan el estado del arte y señalan direcciones para futuras investigaciones. Este artículo tiene como objetivo clasificar, analizar y discutir las principales contribuciones de la literatura sobre RS, proponiendo aportes conceptuales y metodológicos para orientar nuevos estudios. La investigación se llevó a cabo mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura, basada en la base de datos Scopus, que inicialmente resultó en 2.901 publicaciones. A partir de filtros de alineación, reconocimiento científico y lectura completa, se seleccionaron 12 artículos centrales publicados entre 1987 y 2014. Los resultados revelan que la mayoría de las investigaciones se concentran en las relaciones de la empresa focal con los proveedores aguas arriba, así como en análisis estructurales de la red en su conjunto, existiendo vacíos significativos en estudios sobre clientes (aguas abajo) y sobre la interacción de las RS con el entorno externo. También se observó énfasis en temas como la subcontratación, la internacionalización, la transferencia de conocimiento y los modelos matemáticos, aunque con poca exploración de temas emergentes como la sostenibilidad, la resiliencia, la digitalización y la gobernanza interorganizacional. Como contribución, el estudio organiza el campo conceptual de las RS, evidencia vacíos y propone una agenda de investigación que contemple enfoques empíricos, sectoriales e interdisciplinarios. Se concluye que la consolidación del concepto de redes de suministro depende de su integración a los desafíos contemporáneos, como la Industria 4.0, la economía circular y la cooperación entre redes distintas.
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