SÍNDROME LETAL DEL OVERO BLANCO EN LOS CABALLOS PAINT: REPERCUSIONES REPRODUCTIVAS, ASPECTOS GENÉTICOS Y ZOOTÉCNICOS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/levv16n53-006Palabras clave:
Caballo Pintado, EDNRB, Síndrome de Blanco Letal Overo, Genética Equina, Gestión ReproductivaResumen
El caballo American Paint Horse destaca por su pelaje característico y su versatilidad, pero la cría selectiva para obtener el patrón de pelaje overo ha dado lugar al síndrome letal blanco overo (OLWS), causado por una mutación en el gen del receptor de endotelina tipo B (EDNRB). Mientras que los heterocigotos presentan el fenotipo típico del patrón overo y se mantienen clínicamente sanos, los homocigotos desarrollan aganglionosis intestinal congénita, con cólicos graves y muerte neonatal, y tienen un pelaje completamente blanco. El objetivo era integrar los aspectos históricos, genéticos, clínicos y éticos del OLWS, destacando los avances científicos, los retos y las perspectivas de futuro. El análisis destacó la caracterización molecular de la mutación en el gen EDNRB, la validación de métodos de diagnóstico como la PCR y la HRM, así como las implicaciones económicas y éticas de la gestión reproductiva en el caballo Paint. Los resultados indican que, a pesar de los amplios conocimientos científicos disponibles y la accesibilidad de las pruebas genéticas, siguen produciéndose casos de OLWS en diferentes países. Esta persistencia, incluso en el contexto de pruebas accesibles y de bajo coste, refuerza la necesidad de una mayor integración entre la ciencia, el bienestar animal y la sostenibilidad.
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