AUTISMO Y SALUD MENTAL: REPERCUSIONES DEL DIAGNÓSTICO TARDÍO EN LOS RESULTADOS PSICOSOCIALES, LA CALIDAD DE VIDA Y EL ACCESO A LA ATENCIÓN INTEGRAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/levv17n61-041Palabras clave:
Autismo, Calidad de Vida, Diagnóstico Tardío, Salud Mental, Trastorno del Espectro AutistaResumen
El Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) es una condición del neurodesarrollo que puede permanecer sin identificación hasta la adolescencia o la edad adulta, generando repercusiones significativas en la salud mental, la calidad de vida y el acceso a la atención integral. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las repercusiones del diagnóstico tardío del TEA en los desenlaces psicosociales, la calidad de vida y el acceso a los servicios de salud. Se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura en las bases de datos Diadorim, PubMed, Latindex, Scopus y repositorios OJS. Se incluyeron artículos publicados entre 2022 y 2026, en portugués e inglés, que abordaban el diagnóstico tardío del autismo y sus impactos en adolescentes y adultos. Los resultados evidenciaron que la demora diagnóstica se asocia con un mayor sufrimiento psicológico, mayor prevalencia de ansiedad y depresión, dificultades en la interacción social y barreras para acceder a apoyo especializado. También se identificaron desafíos relacionados con el camuflaje social y las comorbilidades psiquiátricas, factores que dificultan el reconocimiento temprano del trastorno. Se concluye que el diagnóstico tardío del TEA produce impactos relevantes en la vida de los individuos, reforzando la necesidad de estrategias orientadas a la identificación precoz y a la atención integral.
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