POTENCIAL TERAPÉUTICO DE LOS CANNABINOIDES EN LA ESCLEROSIS MÚLTIPLE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/levv17n61-004Palabras clave:
Esclerosis Múltiple, Cannabinoides, Cannabidiol, Tetrahidrocannabinol, Sistema Endocannabinoide, FarmacoterapiaResumen
INTRODUCCIÓN: La esclerosis múltiple (EM) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa crónica caracterizada por desmielinización y daño axonal, siendo una de las principales causas de discapacidad neurológica no traumática en adultos jóvenes. Dadas las limitaciones de los tratamientos convencionales, los cannabinoides, como el THC y el CBD, emergen como una alternativa terapéutica al interactuar con el sistema endocannabinoide (SEC), modulando la neuroinflamación a través de los receptores CB1 y CB2. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar críticamente la eficacia de los cannabinoides en el manejo de la enfermedad, discutiendo los impactos de esta modulación en los procesos inflamatorios y las futuras perspectivas terapéuticas. METODOLOGÍA: Este estudio consiste en una revisión integradora de la literatura realizada en la base de datos PubMed. La búsqueda se basó en descriptores MeSH/DeCS y términos libres, incluyendo "Esclerosis Múltiple" y "Cannabinoides", sin restricción de idioma, para artículos publicados entre 2021 y 2026. RESULTADOS: Tras el cribado y la aplicación de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron 13 artículos de los 452 estudios iniciales para conformar el corpus de análisis. Los datos se sistematizaron en una tabla resumen organizada cronológicamente. CONSIDERACIONES FINALES: Los cannabinoides, especialmente los nabiximoles, demostraron eficacia en el control de la espasticidad y potencial neuroprotector en pacientes con EM. El uso terapéutico supervisado presentó un perfil de seguridad favorable, con efectos adversos leves y ausencia de deterioro cognitivo significativo. Se concluye que la farmacogenética puede contribuir a optimizar la terapia y aumentar la seguridad clínica a largo plazo.
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