BENEFITS AND HARMS OF NEW WEIGHT LOSS DRUGS: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

This integrative review examined the benefits and harms of the new weight-loss drugs, with an emphasis on GLP-1 receptor agonists such as semaglutide and liraglutide. These medications have demonstrated significant efficacy in inducing weight loss and controlling comorbidities associated with obesity. Studies, including Brazilian research, indicate that these drugs can promote a reduction in body weight of up to 12% in obese patients, in addition to substantial improvements in metabolic parameters, such as blood glucose and blood pressure. However, the most frequent adverse effects, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, have been the main factors for stopping treatment. More serious complications, such as cholelithiasis and pancreatitis, have also been reported, although less frequently. In addition, the psychological impact of rapid weight loss requires careful monitoring, as patients may experience mood swings and increased anxiety. The lack of data on the long-term use of these medications in Brazilian populations underscores the urgent need for future investigations. Thus, despite the significant benefits, the use of these drugs must be carried out under close monitoring, considering the individual characteristics and risks of each patient, in order to ensure the efficacy and safety of the treatment in the long term.