PREVENTION AND DIAGNOSIS OF CUTANEOUS MELANOMA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF RISK FACTORS AND EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES

Abstract

Objective: The general objective of this study is to analyze the scientific production on cutaneous melanoma, identifying the main risk factors, prevention methods and diagnosis of this pathology. Methodology: This is a systematic review focused on understanding the essential aspects of cutaneous melanoma. The research was guided by the question: "What are the main risk factors for the development of cutaneous melanoma, as well as the methods used for prevention and diagnosis?" To find answers, searches were performed in the PubMed database using five descriptors combined with the Boolean term "AND". This resulted in 99 articles, of which 15 were selected for analysis. Results: Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer, with exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation being the main risk factor. The association between outdoor activities, use of indoor tanning and unprotected exposure to UV radiation highlights the vulnerability of young people and fair-skinned people. Awareness campaigns, use of protective clothing and sunscreens are essential in prevention. Early screening, including technologies such as digital dermoscopy, is essential for the detection of malignant lesions. However, the diagnosis of melanoma still faces challenges due to its clinical and histopathological variability. Conclusion: Primary prevention and education about the risks of sun exposure are crucial to reduce the incidence of melanoma. Improving photoprotection strategies and regulating the use of tanning beds are necessary measures. In addition, public policies and educational interventions must be intensified to promote changes in sun protection behavior, resulting in a sustainable reduction in skin cancer cases.