CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS INFECTION AND FEMALE INFERTILITY: CLINICAL APPROACHES AND PATHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS IN REVIEW

Abstract

Objective: This study seeks to understand the molecular and immunological aspects involved in Chlamydia trachomatis infection, exploring its effects on female fertility. Furthermore, it aims to analyze early diagnosis methods and effective therapeutic interventions to reduce disease incidence and prevent serious complications. Methodology: This is a systematic review conducted in the PubMed Central (PMC) database. The search used the terms: Chlamydia trachomatis, Female infertility, Impact of chlamydia on fertility, and Chlamydia complications, combined using the Boolean operator "AND." Initially, 90 studies were identified; after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 articles were selected, of which 10 comprised the corpus of analysis. Results: The presence of C. trachomatis is associated with persistent infections that interfere with the host's immune system. This interaction triggers inflammatory reactions that compromise reproductive tissues, contributing to infertility. Changes in the vaginal and endometrial microbiome are also observed, resulting in inflammation and lesions in the fallopian tubes. Conclusion: Chlamydia trachomatis infection poses a significant threat to female reproductive health. Early detection and an appropriate therapeutic approach are essential to contain its long-term consequences. Increasing antimicrobial resistance reinforces the need to develop new therapeutic alternatives.