Management and complications of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review

Abstract

Objective: The general objective of the present study is to analyze the scientific production on gestational diabetes mellitus, seeking to identify the main complications, as well as the main methods used in the treatment of this pathology. Methodology: It is a systematic review focused on understanding the main aspects of gestational diabetes mellitus. The research was guided by the question: "What are the complications and management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, based on the evidence available in the scientific literature?". To find answers, searches were performed in the PubMed database using four descriptors combined with the Boolean term "AND". This resulted in 408 articles. 31 articles were selected for analysis and 15 articles were used to compose the collection.   Results: GDM significantly increases the risk of the mother developing type 2 diabetes after pregnancy. Without appropriate interventions, a considerable portion of women with GDM can be diagnosed with diabetes mellitus within a few years of giving birth. The insulin resistance and increased inflammation seen in GDM are key factors contributing to this prolonged risk. Conclusion: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition characterized by glucose intolerance during pregnancy, increasing the risk of complications such as preterm birth and macrosomia. GDM occurs due to insulin resistance, and can lead to the development of type 2 diabetes in the future. Effective management involves continuous monitoring, dietary control, and medical interventions, which are essential to protect the health of the mother and fetus.