DEPRESSION IN ADULTS WITH ADHD

Abstract

The article investigates the interaction between depression and ADHD in adults, considering genetic, neurobiological, environmental, and socioeconomic influences. Using a narrative review of the recent literature, the research identifies that difficulties in executive function, low use of coping strategies, and environmental factors, such as reduced social support and insomnia, are associated with increased depressive vulnerability in this population. From a neurobiological point of view, dysfunctions in the dopaminergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic systems, as well as structural and functional changes in brain networks related to emotional regulation, can contribute to the comorbidity between ADHD and depression. The coexistence of these conditions negatively impacts academic, occupational, and interpersonal functionality, exacerbating symptoms and increasing the risk of suicidal ideation. Treatment requires an integrated approach, including pharmacological interventions, such as stimulants and antidepressants, and non-pharmacological therapies, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and psychoeducation. The need for early identification and multidisciplinary intervention to mitigate the impacts of depression in adults with ADHD is emphasized, emphasizing the importance of a personalized and multidimensional approach in the clinical management of this population.