EFFECTS OF ANESTHESIA ON SURGICAL OUTCOMES: ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENT ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES ON POSTOPERATIVE OUTCOMES

Abstract

Anesthetic techniques are essential elements in performing surgical interventions, as they ensure analgesia and patient comfort during procedures. In addition, these techniques directly influence postoperative outcomes, affecting factors such as complications, recovery time, pain control, and even mortality. Anesthesia can be classified into three main categories: general, regional, and local, each with its advantages and limitations in different types of surgery. This integrative review aimed to analyze the impact of these different anesthetic modalities on postoperative outcomes, focusing on how they influence recovery and the associated risks. The research was carried out based on studies published between 2013 and 2023, extracted from scientific databases such as PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, and Cochrane Library. The results show that the choice of anesthetic technique has a significant impact on the patient's recovery and the occurrence of complications, varying according to the type of surgery, the patient's comorbidities, and individual clinical conditions. General anesthesia, for example, is often associated with a higher risk of respiratory complications and cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients, while regional anesthesia has been indicated to reduce the risk of venous thromboembolism and improve pain control, especially in orthopedic surgeries. In conclusion, the choice of anesthetic technique should be individualized, considering the specific needs of each patient, in order to optimize postoperative outcomes and minimize risks.