ECTOPIC PREGNANCY: DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES FOR A GYNECOLOGICAL EMERGENCY - A CURRENT SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract

Objective: The general objective of this study is to analyze the scientific literature on ectopic pregnancy, identifying the main risk factors, diagnoses, and treatments for this condition. Methodology: This is a systematic review focused on understanding the essential aspects of ectopic pregnancy. The research was guided by the question: "What are the main risk factors, diagnoses, and treatments for ectopic pregnancy?". To find answers, searches were performed in the PubMed database using four descriptors combined with the Boolean term "AND": (Ectopic pregnancy) AND (Early diagnosis), (Ectopic pregnancy) AND (Pathophysiology), (Ectopic pregnancy) AND (Prognosis), and (Ectopic pregnancy) AND (Prevention). This resulted in a total of 139 articles, of which 10 were selected for detailed analysis after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The main complications identified include a high risk of rupture and internal hemorrhage, acute abdominal pain, and potential infertility. Hormonal treatments, such as methotrexate, are frequently used, as are surgical interventions, including salpingostomy and salpingectomy, depending on the extent of damage and the patient's reproductive needs. New therapies, such as chemoembolization, are also being investigated. The review highlights the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate management to improve clinical and reproductive outcomes. Conclusion: It is concluded that ectopic pregnancy is an emerging medical condition that requires a multidisciplinary approach for its effective management. Characterization of risk factors and development of evidence-based treatment strategies are essential to reduce maternal mortality and improve the quality of life of patients. The combination of advanced diagnostics, medical and surgical treatments, and new therapies in development offers hope for more effective control of the condition.